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Updated: Jul 17, 2025
Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator-induced Mouse Back Pain Model
Published on: September 1, 2023
Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator-induced Mouse Back Pain Model
Marena A Montera1, Aleyah E Goins1, Sascha R A Alles1
1Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.
Abstract:
A model of persisting lower back pain can be induced in mice with the simple methodology described herein. Step-by-step methods for simple, rapid induction of a persisting back pain model in mice are provided here using an injection of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase), a serine protease present in humans and other animals. The methodology for induction of persisting lower back pain in mice involves a simple injection of urokinase along the ligamentous insertion region of the lumbar spine. The urokinase inflammatory agent activates plasminogen to plasmin. Typically, the model can be induced within 10 min and hypersensitivity persists for at least 8 weeks. Hypersensitivity, gait disturbance, and other standard anxiety- and depression-like measures can be tested in the persisting model. Back pain is the most prevalent type of pain. To improve awareness of back pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) named 2021 the "Global Year about Back Pain" and 2022 the "Global Year for Translating Pain Knowledge to Practice." One limitation of the therapeutic advancement of pain therapeutics is the lack of suitable models for testing persistent and chronic pain. The features of this model are suitable for testing potential therapeutics aimed at the reduction of back pain and its ancillary characteristics, contributing to IASP's naming 2022 as the Global Year for Translating Pain Knowledge to Practice.
Insights
Researchers developed a rapid mouse model for chronic lower back pain using urokinase injections. This model aids in testing new pain therapeutics and understanding persistent pain mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Pain research
- Animal models of disease
- Inflammation
Background:
- Chronic lower back pain is a prevalent global health issue.
- Existing models for persistent pain are limited, hindering therapeutic development.
- The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) emphasizes translating pain knowledge into practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a simple, rapid, and effective method for inducing a persistent lower back pain model in mice.
- To provide a valuable tool for preclinical testing of novel pain therapeutics.
- To facilitate research aligned with the IASP's Global Year for Translating Pain Knowledge to Practice.
Main Methods:
- Induction of pain model via lumbar spine injection of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase).
- Urokinase activates plasminogen to plasmin, initiating an inflammatory response.
- Observation of hypersensitivity, gait disturbances, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors.
Main Results:
- The model can be induced within 10 minutes.
- Induced hypersensitivity persists for at least 8 weeks.
- The model allows for assessment of various pain-related behaviors.
Conclusions:
- This urokinase-induced mouse model offers a robust platform for studying persistent lower back pain.
- The model's features are suitable for evaluating therapeutic interventions for chronic back pain and associated symptoms.
- This methodology supports advancements in pain management and translation of research findings.
