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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
176
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
94
Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
9
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

319
The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
319
Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care

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Surgical management and nursing care are crucial in treating Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Here is an organized and enhanced overview of the surgical interventions and the associated nursing care for PUD:
Surgical Interventions for Peptic Ulcer Disease
335
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

15
Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices
04:09

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: June 13, 2025

211

Gastric varices.

Thomas J Wang1,2, Marvin Ryou1,2

  • 1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|September 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newer endoscopic ultrasound treatments for gastric varices show promise, offering improved efficacy and safety over traditional methods. A step-up approach is recommended, prioritizing medical and endoscopic management before considering endovascular therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Interventional Endoscopy
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Gastric varices are a rare but serious cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension.
  • Conventional endoscopic and endovascular therapies have been the mainstay for managing gastric varices.
  • Recent advancements in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) offer new treatment modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest literature on gastric varices.
  • To highlight changes in classification systems for gastric varices.
  • To compare the efficacy and safety of various treatment options for gastric varices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on gastric varices.
  • Analysis of new classification systems.
  • Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil embolization with cyanoacrylate glue therapy.
  • Evaluation of endovascular therapy options.

Main Results:

  • The American Gastrointestinal Association has proposed a simpler classification system for gastric varices.
  • Endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil embolization demonstrates higher efficacy and a better safety profile than cyanoacrylate glue.
  • Endovascular therapy options have seen limited significant changes recently.

Conclusions:

  • A step-up treatment approach is recommended for gastric varices.
  • Initial management should focus on medical and endoscopic therapies.
  • Endovascular therapies should be considered when initial treatments are unsuccessful.