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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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L-Arginine and Its Metabolites in Age-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease with Cognitive Impairment.

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[Subjective cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral microangiopathy].

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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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[Nitric oxide availability in cerebral microangiopathy].

L A Dobrynina1, A A Shabalina1, K V Shamtieva1

  • 1Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|September 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new test measuring erythrocyte disaggregation after L-arginine incubation can assess nitric oxide (NO) availability. This helps identify patients with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) at risk for cognitive impairment.

Keywords:
argininecerebral microangiopathycognitive impairmenterythrocyte disaggregationnitric oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical science
  • Vascular biology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a leading cause of cognitive impairment (CI).
  • Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in vascular health and brain function.
  • Reduced NO bioavailability is implicated in cSVD pathogenesis and CI.

Purpose:

  • To develop a novel test assessing individual nitric oxide (NO) availability.
  • To evaluate erythrocyte rheological properties after NO donor incubation as a biomarker.
  • To determine the role of NO deficiency in cSVD-related brain damage and CI.

Summary:

  • Erythrocyte disaggregation rate after L-arginine incubation effectively predicts cognitive impairment in cSVD patients.
  • A threshold of >113 sec⁻¹ for erythrocyte disaggregation indicates more severe CI, hypertension, white matter lesions, and increased blood-brain barrier permeability.
  • This rheological test offers a new method to assess NO bioavailability and guide L-arginine therapy.

Impact:

  • Provides a new diagnostic tool for assessing NO bioavailability in cSVD.
  • Identifies patients at higher risk for cognitive decline and disease progression.
  • May inform therapeutic strategies involving NO donors to improve outcomes in cSVD.