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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Minye Yang1, Zhilu Ye1, Hongyi Pan1

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This study introduces a novel electromagnetic physically unclonable function (PUF) using unique PT-symmetric structures. This PUF leverages inherent manufacturing variations for enhanced security against cyberattacks and machine learning threats.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are hardware security primitives crucial for protecting information against cyberattacks and reverse engineering.
  • Existing PUFs rely on integrated circuit properties, creating a need for alternative, robust security solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel electromagnetic physically unclonable function (PUF) based on non-Hermitian parity-time (PT)-symmetric structures.
  • To demonstrate the PUF's ability to generate unique security keys by amplifying entropy from manufacturing variations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the self-dual absorber-emitter singularity in PT-symmetric structures to create a unique PUF.
  • Exploiting sensitive responses to perturbations at the singular point to amplify entropy.
  • Evaluating PUF security metrics, including randomness and uniqueness.
  • Testing robustness against machine learning-assisted attacks (Fourier regression, GANs).

Main Results:

  • The proposed electromagnetic PUF exhibits high randomness and uniqueness, crucial for security applications.
  • The PUF demonstrates robustness against advanced machine learning-based attack strategies.
  • The concept is shown to be wavelength-scalable across various electromagnetic spectrum ranges.

Conclusions:

  • The novel electromagnetic PUF offers a promising new direction for hardware security.
  • This approach provides a scalable and robust solution for cryptography and encryption applications.
  • The use of PT-symmetric structures in PUFs opens avenues for future research in secure hardware design.