Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Approach to the Patient: Hormonal Therapy in Transgender Adults With Complex Medical Histories
Sean J Iwamoto1,2,3, Micol S Rothman1,3, Guy T'Sjoen4
1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Abstract:
While endocrinologists continue to initiate gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in healthy transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients, they may also encounter more TGD patients in their clinics with complex medical histories that influence the patient-provider shared decision-making process for initiating or continuing GAHT. The purpose of this Approach to the Patient article is to describe management considerations in 2 adults with thromboembolic disease and 2 adults with low bone mineral density in the setting of feminizing and masculinizing GAHT.
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