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The Rising Incidence of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: Connection With Maternal Health

Sabitha Sasidharan Pillai1, Meghan E Fredette1, Joshua Ray Tanzer2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|September 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) cases in children increased significantly, with nearly half diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rising HH trends correlated with maternal hypertensive disorders, suggesting a link between maternal health and infant hyperinsulinism.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • A perceived increase in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) cases, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted this institutional review.
  • Understanding trends and characteristics of pediatric HH is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate trends, characteristics, and outcomes of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) in children between 2013 and 2021.
  • To investigate the association between HH incidence and maternal risk factors over time.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of all children diagnosed with HH and evaluated by Pediatric Endocrinology from 2013-2021.
  • HH diagnosis adherence to Pediatric Endocrine Society guidelines.
  • Regression analysis to assess temporal changes in HH cases and maternal risk factors.

Main Results:

  • A significant rise in HH incidence was observed starting in 2016, accelerating during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 43% of the 74 identified pediatric HH cases were diagnosed in 2020-2021.
  • Maternal hypertensive disorders showed a significant longitudinal association with hyperinsulinism cases.

Conclusions:

  • Nearly half of all pediatric hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) cases were diagnosed in 2020-2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • The study identified a correlation between HH diagnoses trends and maternal hypertensive disorders.
  • Further research is recommended to explore the impact of maternal health, hypertension, and stress on offspring HH development.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19congenital hyperinsulinismhypoglycemiamaternal hypertensionneonatologyperinatal stress

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