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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Early Fetal Growth Restriction with or Without Hypertensive Disorders: a Clinical Overview

Federico Mecacci1, Eleonora Romani1, Sara Clemenza2

  • 1Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)
|September 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) may lead to worse outcomes than FGR without HDP. This review compares clinical features, perinatal results, and long-term effects of these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Early onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant pregnancy complication linked to adverse neonatal outcomes.
  • It frequently co-occurs with early onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), particularly preeclampsia (PE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical characteristics, perinatal outcomes, and long-term sequelae between early onset FGR with HDP (FGR-HDP) and normotensive FGR (n-FGR).
  • To investigate if the presence of PE exacerbates maternal hemodynamic impairment and placental issues in early onset FGR.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing data on early onset FGR-HDP and n-FGR.
  • The review compares clinical presentations, perinatal outcomes, and potential long-term effects based on current literature.

Main Results:

  • Emerging data suggest PE may worsen maternal hemodynamics and placental pathology in early onset FGR.
  • Pregnancies with FGR-HDP may face increased risks for poor neonatal outcomes compared to those with n-FGR.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing between FGR-HDP and n-FGR is crucial for tailored management and follow-up.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the distinct impacts and optimal care strategies for these conditions.

Keywords:
Early onset fetal growth restrictionHypertensive disorders of pregnancyPlacental insufficiencyPreeclampsia

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