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Quantitative Chest X-ray Radiomics for Therapy Response Monitoring in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

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A new radiomics score (RadScore) using chest X-rays shows potential for monitoring tuberculosis treatment response. This imaging biomarker correlated better with treatment changes than existing clinical and radiological scores.

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chest X-raysfeature extractionradiomicsradiomics scoresegmentationtuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Computational Pathology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death globally.
  • There is a critical need for improved imaging biomarkers to assess TB treatment response.
  • Radiomics offers a developing approach for quantitative image analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a radiomics-based scoring system (RadScore) for monitoring tuberculosis treatment.
  • To compare the RadScore's efficacy against existing clinical (TBscore) and radiological (RLscore) assessments.

Main Methods:

  • A novel segmentation method was used for chest X-ray feature extraction.
  • Radiomic features were analyzed to construct signature parameter maps.
  • These maps were consolidated into a frequency-binned RadScore.
  • Spearman's correlation was used to evaluate score changes from serial X-rays during TB therapy.

Main Results:

  • The RadScore demonstrated a statistically significant correlation (0.22, p=0.02) with changes in the radiological score (RLscore).
  • Poor correlations were found between the clinical score (TBscore) and both RLscore (0.09, p=0.36) and RadScore (0.02, p=0.86).

Conclusions:

  • The developed RadScore shows promise as a quantitative imaging biomarker for monitoring tuberculosis treatment response.
  • Radiomics analysis of chest X-rays may provide a more sensitive assessment of therapeutic effects compared to traditional scoring methods.