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Sympathetic Nervous System and Atherosclerosis.

Yutang Wang1, Jack Anesi1, Michelle C Maier1

  • 1Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sympathetic nervous system influences atherosclerosis. Targeting adrenoceptors (α1, α2, β blockers, β3 agonists) and renal denervation shows potential for treating this leading cause of death.

Keywords:
alpha blockeratherosclerosisbeta blockerblood vesselrenal denervationsympathetic activity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis, driven by lipid accumulation and hypercholesterolemia, is a primary global mortality cause.
  • Despite lipid-lowering therapies, novel strategies are crucial due to atherosclerosis's persistent impact.
  • The sympathetic nervous system is increasingly recognized for its significant role in atherosclerosis development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of sympathetic nervous system in atherosclerosis.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of adrenoceptor modulation and renal denervation for atherosclerosis.
  • To synthesize current evidence on sympathetic pathways and their impact on arterial health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on sympathetic innervation, norepinephrine pathways, and sympathetic activation signaling.
  • Analysis of studies investigating adrenoceptor antagonists/agonists (α1, α2, β1, β2, β3) in atherosclerosis models.
  • Examination of research on renal denervation's effects on atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • All five adrenoceptor subtypes (α1, α2, β1, β2, β3) are present in arterial blood vessels.
  • α1 blockers show anti-atherosclerotic effects but risk heart failure; α2 agonism may offer protection.
  • Newer β blockers and β3 agonists present promising therapeutic avenues, requiring further clinical validation.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacological targeting of specific adrenoceptors holds promise for atherosclerosis treatment.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are essential to confirm the efficacy of these sympathetic-targeting therapies.
  • The clinical benefit of renal denervation for atherosclerosis in humans remains undetermined.