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Neutrophils and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
Janusz P Sikora1, Jakub Karawani2, Jarosław Sobczak1,3
1Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, 2nd Chair of Paediatrics, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Łódź, ul. Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Łódź, Poland.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 9, 2023
Summary
This study clarifies the critical role of neutrophils and their mediators in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Understanding these elements aids in developing better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for conditions like sepsis and COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pathophysiology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Clinical management of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) remains challenging due to incomplete understanding of immune system modulation.
- Endogenous inflammation mediators play a crucial role in SIRS pathogenesis, necessitating detailed study for improved diagnostics and therapeutics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the multifaceted roles of neutrophils (cidal, immunoregulatory, reparative) in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes.
- To highlight the pro- and anticoagulatory functions of endothelium during SIRS and their therapeutic implications.
- To investigate the dual role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by activated neutrophils in SIRS.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of neutrophil functions and their involvement in inflammatory cascades.
- Examination of endothelial pro- and anticoagulatory properties in SIRS.
- Focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by activated neutrophils.
- Identification and presentation of neutrophil-related biomarkers for SIRS diagnosis and prognosis.
Main Results:
- Neutrophils exhibit significant cidal, immunoregulatory, and reparative functions impacting SIRS.
- Endothelial dysfunction in SIRS has critical clinical implications, including potential immunotherapy targets.
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by neutrophils can be both protective and pathogenic in SIRS.
- Various neutrophil-associated biomarkers (NETs, cfDNA, NGAL, miRNAs, etc.) show promise for diagnosing and predicting sepsis, burns, and COVID-19.
Conclusions:
- A deeper understanding of neutrophil roles and biomarkers is essential for advancing SIRS management.
- Targeting neutrophil functions and ROS may offer novel therapeutic avenues for sepsis and inflammatory conditions.
- Neutrophil-derived biomarkers hold significant potential for early diagnosis and prognosis in critical illnesses like sepsis and COVID-19.
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