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Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

Methods of Obtaining Topography

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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
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Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short...
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Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys01:27

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

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Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
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Remarks on Geomatics Measurement Methods Focused on Forestry Inventory.

Karel Pavelka1, Eva Matoušková1, Karel Pavelka1

  • 1Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Personal laser scanning (PLS) offers the most practical solution for deriving forest parameters in forest management, outperforming aerial laser scanning (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Drones provide valuable insights for estimating wood cubature and assessing forest health.

Keywords:
ALSDBHPLSRPASTLSUAVforestrylaser scanninglidar sensormobile laser scanningphotogrammetry

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Area of Science:

  • Forestry Science
  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Remote Sensing Applications

Background:

  • Accurate forest inventory and growth parameter derivation are crucial for sustainable forest management.
  • Modern geomatics technologies offer potential advancements in data acquisition for forestry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the usability, data integration, and economic feasibility of various geomatics technologies for forest management.
  • To identify the most effective methods for deriving forest growth parameters in a spruce forest ecosystem.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), terrestrial and drone close-range photogrammetry, personal laser scanning (PLS), and aerial laser scanning (ALS).
  • Field measurements and data processing over a five-year period in a mountain spruce forest.
  • Evaluation of data quality, cost-effectiveness, and practical applicability for forest management tasks.

Main Results:

  • Aerial laser scanning (ALS) proved too expensive for small areas and lacked detail for precise parameter derivation.
  • Terrestrial close-range photogrammetry and TLS were found to be impractical for standard forestry applications.
  • Personal laser scanning (PLS) demonstrated high usability for quickly deriving parameters and calculating wood volumes.
  • Remotely piloted aircraft systems (drones) effectively estimated wood quantities and assessed forest health.

Conclusions:

  • Personal laser scanning (PLS) emerges as the most suitable technology for deriving forest parameters in current forest management practices.
  • Drones offer a viable solution for estimating wood cubature and monitoring spruce forest health.
  • The study emphasizes practical applications, guiding technology selection for efficient forest management.