Preparation and Characterization of a One-Step Electrospun Poly(Lactic Acid)/Wormwood Oil Antibacterial Nanofiber Membrane

With the continuous improvement of the standard of living, people are increasingly inclined towards natural, green, and environmentally friendly products. Plant-based products that are safe, natural, non-toxic, and beneficial to human health are often more favored. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a polymer obtained through lactate polymerization using renewable plant resources such as corn and has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. It is widely used in the field of food packaging. Wormwood oil (WO) is an oil extracted from the stems and leaves of Artemisia plants, and it has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. In this article, through electrospinning technology, wormwood oil was directly incorporated into PLA, giving the PLA nanofiber membrane antioxidant and antibacterial functions. Various parameters such as voltage (11 KV, 13 KV, 15 KV), spinning solution concentration (8%, 10%, 12%), distance (15 cm, 17 cm, 19 cm), and feeding rate (0.4 mL/h, 0.5 mL/h, 0.6 mL/h) were explored, and the resulting spun fibers were characterized. Through SEM characterization, it was found that when the spinning voltage was 13 KV, the spinning solution concentration was 10%, the distance was 17 cm, and the feeding rate was 0.5 mL/h, the nanofiber membrane had a smooth morphology without bead formation, with an average diameter of 260 nm. The nanofiber membrane was characterized using FTIR, TG, and SEM, confirming the successful incorporation of artemisia essential oil into PLA. The prepared antimicrobial nanofilm was subjected to antimicrobial testing, and the results showed that as the concentration of the essential oil increased, the inhibition zones also increased. When wormwood oil concentration was 4%, the diameter of the inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus increased from 1.0 mm to 3.5 mm, while the diameter of the inhibition zone for Escherichia coli increased from 2.0 mm to 4.5 mm.