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Meteorology-driven PM2.5 interannual variability over East Asia
Chi-Yun Wang1, Jen-Ping Chen2, Wei-Chyung Wang3
1Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, NY, USA.
The Science of the Total Environment
|September 9, 2023
Summary
Meteorological factors significantly influence atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels, impacting air quality policies. Considering climate extremes is crucial for meeting air quality guidelines.
Area of Science:
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
- Climate Science
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a significant human health risk.
- PM2.5 concentrations are influenced by both precursor emissions and meteorological conditions.
- Current PM2.5 health policies often prioritize emission reductions, potentially overlooking meteorological impacts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of meteorological parameters in driving PM2.5 interannual variability (IAV).
- To contrast the influence of meteorology versus emissions on PM2.5 IAV using climate model simulations and reanalysis data.
- To inform air quality policy by highlighting the importance of considering meteorological extremes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized long-term simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) with fixed emissions.
- Analyzed PM2.5 interannual variability (IAV) linked to meteorological parameters like humidity, precipitation, and ventilation.
- Compared model-derived PM2.5 IAV with MERRA-2 reanalysis data, which includes both emission and meteorological effects.
Main Results:
- In East Asia, CESM1 simulations showed PM2.5 IAV of 6.7%, primarily driven by meteorological variations.
- Southern East China experienced higher grid-cell PM2.5 IAV (up to 12%) due to El Niño-induced anomalies.
- Meteorological variations contributed more to PM2.5 IAV than emission variations in remote areas downwind of major emission sources.
Conclusions:
- Meteorological factors are substantial drivers of PM2.5 interannual variability, particularly in regions like East Asia.
- Climate extremes can lead to temporary exceedances of air quality guidelines, even when long-term means comply.
- Air quality policies aiming to meet WHO guidelines should account for the highest annual PM2.5 concentrations associated with climate extremes, not just average conditions.
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