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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
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Nanoparticles at the maternal-fetal interface.

S Adams1, P A Stapleton2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|September 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental nanoparticles (NPs) pose risks during pregnancy. This review examines how NP properties affect their transfer across the placenta and potential endocrine disruption in fetuses.

Keywords:
EndocrineMaternal-fetal interfaceNanoparticlePhysicochemical propertiesPlacentaUptake/translocation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly prevalent environmental pollutants.
  • Pregnancy is a critical developmental window with heightened susceptibility to environmental exposures.
  • The placenta, crucial for maternal-fetal exchange, is a potential site for NP accumulation and effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on nanoparticle translocation and cellular uptake at the maternal-fetal interface.
  • To identify physicochemical factors influencing nanoparticle behavior in the placenta.
  • To assess the impact of nanoparticles on placental endocrine function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating nanoparticle-placenta interactions.
  • Analysis of research on NP physicochemical properties (size, shape, composition, surface chemistry).
  • Examination of evidence from human and animal models of gestational NP exposure.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle physicochemical properties significantly influence their translocation across the placenta.
  • Evidence suggests NPs can cross the placental barrier, leading to local effects.
  • Gestational NP exposure is linked to placental endocrine disruption.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding NP properties is key to predicting placental transfer and fetal exposure.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of NP uptake and endocrine disruption in the placenta.
  • Mitigating environmental NP exposure is crucial for protecting fetal development.