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Association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia among various age groups: a population-based cohort study in

Laurie-Anne Boivin-Proulx1, Judith Brouillette1,2, Marc Dorais3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Scientific Reports
|September 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes and stroke increase dementia risk, but this association weakens in older adults. Preventing these conditions is key for dementia risk mitigation across age groups.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Established link between cardiovascular (CV) risk factors/diseases and dementia.
  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding age as a moderator in this association.
  • Need to clarify age-specific associations for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CV risk factors/diseases and dementia risk across different age groups.
  • To determine if age influences the strength of the link between CV health and cognitive decline.
  • To inform clinical and research strategies for dementia prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using Quebec healthcare databases (1998-2010).
  • Inclusion of 320,630 adult patients without dementia.
  • Assessment of dementia risk associated with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), chronic heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF) using incidence rate ratios and Cox regression across age strata.

Main Results:

  • Dementia incidence increased with age (4.1 to 93.5 per 1000 person-years).
  • Diabetes, stroke, HF, and AF were significantly associated with increased dementia risk (HRs 1.08-3.54).
  • The strength of association for diabetes, stroke, and HF with dementia risk decreased in advanced age.

Conclusions:

  • Prevention of diabetes, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation is crucial for mitigating dementia risk.
  • The underlying pathophysiology of dementia may differ between younger and older populations.
  • Cardiovascular risk factors appear to have a diminished impact on dementia risk in advanced age.

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