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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
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Motor adaptation does not differ when a perturbation is introduced abruptly or gradually.

Ambika Bansal1,2, Bernard Marius 't Hart3, Udai Cauchan1

  • 1Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.

Experimental Brain Research
|September 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Adapting movements to new tasks, like in physical therapy, doesn't differ if a change is abrupt or gradual. This study found no significant impact of age or cerebellar ataxia on motor learning adaptation.

Keywords:
Cerebellar ataxiaMotor learningOlder adultsTwo-rate modelVisuomotor adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Motor control
  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Human movement science

Background:

  • Optimizing implicit motor adaptation is key for efficient skill acquisition and rehabilitation.
  • Current understanding of how gradual perturbations influence motor learning is inconsistent.
  • Implicit adaptation aims to minimize conscious effort during movement adjustments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether abrupt or gradual visuomotor rotations yield different motor performance outcomes.
  • To examine the influence of perturbation onset (abrupt vs. gradual) on motor adaptation.
  • To assess the effects of age and mild cerebellar ataxia on motor adaptation to visuomotor rotations.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subjects design was employed to compare adaptation to abrupt versus gradual visuomotor rotations.
  • Participants adapted to 30, 45, and 60-degree rotation sizes.
  • Populations tested included younger adults, older adults, and patients with mild cerebellar ataxia.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in behavioral outcomes or model fits were observed between abrupt and gradual learning conditions.
  • Error-sensitivity in motor adaptation remained consistent across different rotation sizes and perturbation types.
  • Neither advanced age nor mild cerebellar ataxia significantly affected error-sensitivity during motor adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • The method of introducing visuomotor perturbations (abrupt vs. gradual) does not significantly alter motor adaptation outcomes.
  • Error-sensitivity in motor adaptation is robust and not modulated by age or mild cerebellar ataxia.
  • Findings suggest that gradual introduction of perturbations may not be superior for optimizing implicit motor learning.