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Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Schizophrenia01:17

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Auditory oddball hypoactivation in schizophrenia.

Soichiro Nakahara1, Alie G Male2, Jessica A Turner3

  • 1Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States; Discovery Accelerator Venture Unit Direct Reprogramming, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|September 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit reduced brain activation during auditory tasks. This study links this hypoactivation to cognitive deficits and specific genetic factors, offering new insights into the disorder.

Keywords:
CognitionFunctional MRIGenome-wide association analysisImagingPolygenic risk scoreReplication

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) display altered brain activity during auditory oddball tasks, but links to cognition and genetics are unclear.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies reveal aberrant neural activations in SZ, necessitating further investigation into cognitive and genetic correlates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare brain activation patterns in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy volunteers (HVs) during auditory oddball tasks.
  • To investigate the associations between brain activity, cognitive performance, schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS), and genetic loci in SZ.

Main Methods:

  • Two cross-sectional, multi-center datasets were analyzed, comparing SZ (n=228) and HVs (n=245).
  • fMRI was used to assess brain activation during auditory oddball tasks.
  • Cognitive performance, PRS, and genetic variations (SNPs) were examined in relation to brain activity.

Main Results:

  • SZ consistently showed hypoactivation in regions including the left frontal pole, right frontal orbital cortex, precuneus, and hippocampus compared to HVs.
  • In SZ, reduced precuneus activity correlated positively with cognitive performance.
  • Schizophrenia PRS negatively correlated with activity in the right supramarginal cortex, with specific SNPs and RPL36 gene linked to this region's activity.

Conclusions:

  • The study replicates findings of hypoactivation in SZ during auditory oddball tasks.
  • Novel associations between regional brain activity, cognitive function, and genetic factors in schizophrenia were identified.
  • Findings highlight the need for continued data sharing and collaborative research to further elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia.