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Related Concept Videos

Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
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Conjunctival transcriptomics in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid.

Jesse Panthagani1, Kusy Suleiman1, Rachel C Vincent2

  • 1Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.

The Ocular Surface
|September 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (OcMMP) involves chronic inflammation and scarring. Conjunctival transcriptomic analysis using simple swabs identifies profibrotic genes and pathways, aiding in understanding this rare disease.

Keywords:
ALDH1A3FibrosisInflammationNanoStringScarring

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (OcMMP) is a rare autoimmune disease causing progressive conjunctival scarring and potential blindness.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of OcMMP is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of conjunctival genetic transcriptomic analysis as a tool for studying pathogenic pathways in OcMMP.
  • To identify key genes and pathways involved in OcMMP pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Conjunctival RNA was profiled from 6 OcMMP patients and 8 controls using the NanoString nCounter Human Fibrosis panel.
  • Gene expression data (770 genes) were analyzed, stratifying by visible conjunctival inflammation.
  • Differential gene expression and pathway analysis were performed using ROSALIND HyperScale architecture.

Main Results:

  • 93 differentially expressed genes were identified between OcMMP patients and controls.
  • Upregulated genes included fibrosis markers (COL3A1, COL1A1, FN1, THBS1); downregulated genes indicated ocular surface failure.
  • Key pathways involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling were significantly altered, particularly in inflamed eyes.

Conclusions:

  • Conjunctival swabs and NanoString technology can identify profibrotic genes in OcMMP.
  • This approach differentiates inflamed eyes and offers potential for monitoring disease progression and developing biomarkers.