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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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BTL2 phospho-switch surveils plant immunity.

Dacheng Wang1, Chun-Lin Shi2, Liuji Wu2

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Trends in Plant Science
|September 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Plant immune receptor BAK1 (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1) integrity is monitored by BTL2 (BAK-TO-LIFE 2). This surveillance maintains plant immune homeostasis and prevents autoimmunity when BAK1/SERK4 is absent.

Keywords:
BAK1BTL2autoimmunitypeptide signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Plant immunology
  • Molecular plant science
  • Plant signaling

Background:

  • BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1) acts as a crucial co-receptor in plant immunity.
  • BAK1, alongside SERK4, recognizes pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via plasma membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
  • Loss of BAK1/SERK4 function triggers plant autoimmunity, disrupting immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of BAK-TO-LIFE 2 (BTL2) in maintaining plant immune homeostasis.
  • Determine how BTL2 contributes to the surveillance of BAK1/SERK4 integrity.
  • Elucidate the mechanisms preventing autoimmunity in the absence of functional BAK1/SERK4.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of BTL2 function in plant immune responses.
  • Biochemical assays to assess BAK1/SERK4 protein stability and interactions.
  • Phenotypic characterization of plant mutants related to BAK1/SERK4 and BTL2.

Main Results:

  • BTL2 is essential for monitoring the integrity of BAK1/SERK4.
  • The absence of BTL2 leads to compromised immune signaling and potential autoimmunity.
  • Yu et al. demonstrated BTL2's critical role in preventing autoimmune responses.

Conclusions:

  • BTL2 acts as a key regulator in plant immune surveillance.
  • Maintaining BAK1/SERK4 integrity through BTL2 is vital for preventing autoimmunity.
  • BTL2 is indispensable for establishing and preserving immune homeostasis in plants.