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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.5K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

14.3K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
14.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.4K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.4K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

2.1K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
2.1K
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

13.0K
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
13.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Two and three-dimensional halogen-bonded frameworks: self-assembly influenced by crystallization solvents.

Chuan-Zhi Liu1, Jing-Jing Wang1, Bo Yang2

  • 1Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China. liuchuanzhi@sqnu.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|September 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created 2D and 3D X-ray Bonded Organic Frameworks (XBOFs) using the same building blocks but different solvents. The 3D XBOF uniquely combines hydrogen and halogen bonds for novel supramolecular structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • X-ray Bonded Organic Frameworks (XBOFs) are advanced materials with tunable properties.
  • Controlling the dimensionality and bonding in XBOFs is crucial for designing new functional materials.
  • Supramolecular self-assembly offers a versatile route to construct complex organic frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To selectively synthesize two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) XBOFs from identical precursors.
  • To investigate the role of crystallization solvents in directing the self-assembly process.
  • To characterize the structure of the resulting 3D XBOF and identify the key interactions governing its formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing tetraphenylmethane tetrapyridine derivative and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene as identical building blocks.
  • Employing solvent-controlled crystallization techniques to achieve selective formation of 2D and 3D frameworks.
  • Employing X-ray diffraction and other analytical methods to confirm the structures and bonding.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed both 2D and 3D XBOFs from the same molecular components by altering the crystallization solvent.
  • The 3D XBOF was identified as a novel hybrid supramolecular organic framework.
  • The synergistic interplay of hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds was confirmed as the primary driving force for the 3D structure formation.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallization solvent is a critical factor in controlling the dimensionality of XBOFs.
  • The developed 3D XBOF represents a new class of hybrid supramolecular organic frameworks.
  • The findings highlight the potential of combining hydrogen and halogen bonds for designing sophisticated supramolecular architectures.