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Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Allergic Rhinitis in Children with Epistaxis
Jing Qing1, Yili Cai2, Shixiong Tang1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China.
Insights
Nosebleeds in children are often linked to allergic rhinitis. Identifying specific allergens and nasal symptoms like rhinorrhea can help diagnose this condition and manage nosebleeds effectively.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Allergy and Immunology
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is common in children, frequently co-occurring with allergic rhinitis.
- Limited research exists on the clinical characteristics and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in pediatric epistaxis patients.
- This study investigates factors associated with allergic rhinitis in children presenting with epistaxis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify clinical characteristics and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children experiencing epistaxis.
- To improve the diagnostic rate of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients with recurrent nosebleeds.
- To provide insights into the management of epistaxis in children with allergic rhinitis.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 80 children (3-14 years) with epistaxis at a tertiary hospital (Jan 2014 - Jan 2022).
- Conducted a follow-up of at least 3 months for all participants.
- Employed multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine risk factors for allergic rhinitis.
Main Results:
- Over 71% of children with epistaxis had allergic rhinitis.
- Allergic rhinitis patients experienced epistaxis mainly in autumn, while non-allergic patients had it in summer (P=0.029).
- Significant differences observed in allergen numbers (P<0.001) and total IgE (P<0.001) between groups. Severity of nasal symptoms, including rhinorrhea (OR: 3.86, P=0.003), obstruction, sneezing, and itching, was associated with allergic rhinitis.
Conclusions:
- Clinical indicators like onset season, allergen exposure, total IgE levels, and specific nasal symptoms (especially rhinorrhea) can suggest allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis.
- Early identification of allergic rhinitis can reduce missed diagnoses.
- Antiallergic medications may be beneficial in managing epistaxis associated with allergic rhinitis.
Background:
Epistaxis is frequently observed in children with allergic rhinitis. However, few studies have addressed the clinical characteristics and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis. This study aimed to describe the factors associated with allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis.
Methods:
In total, we recruited 80 children (aged 3-14 years) who presented with epistaxis at a tertiary hospital between January 2014 and January 2022. The follow-up duration was at least 3 months, and we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for allergic rhinitis.
Results:
Among the 80 children examined, 57 (71.25%) had allergic rhinitis. Epistaxis mainly occurred in autumn in children with allergic rhinitis; in contrast, it mostly occurred in summer in children without it (P = 0.029). Mites are common allergens for allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis; the univariate analysis revealed significant differences between allergic-rhinitis group and nonallergic-rhinitis group in the number of allergens (P < 0.001) and total IgE (P < 0.001). The difference in severity of nasal symptoms between the two groups was statistically significant and included nasal obstruction (P < 0.001), rhinorrhea (P < 0.001), sneezing (P < 0.001), and nasal itching (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the severity of rhinorrhea symptoms was found to be associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis (odds ratio: 3.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-9.26; P = 0.003).
Conclusions:
Observing the onset season, number of allergens, total IgE, and nasal symptoms in cases of epistaxis could suggest the presence of associated allergic rhinitis and reduce the number of missed diagnoses; antiallergic drugs could help control epistaxis in these cases.
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