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Hepatitis B eradication: vaccine as a key player.

Flor Helene Pujol1,2, Rayana Maryse Toyé3, Carmen Luisa Loureiro1

  • 1Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) 1020A Caracas, Venezuela.

American Journal of Translational Research
|September 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Vaccine hesitancy (VH) and other barriers hinder global hepatitis B eradication efforts. Addressing VH through education is crucial for achieving the World Health Organization's 2030 elimination goal.

Keywords:
Hepatitis B virusadverse effectseradicationvaccine coveragevaccine hesitancy

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection chronically affects nearly 300 million people globally.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) aims for hepatitis elimination by 2030.
  • Factors like reduced vaccination campaigns and vaccine hesitancy (VH) impede global HBV prophylaxis coverage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors, particularly VH, hindering the WHO's 2030 goal for hepatitis B eradication.
  • To examine the development and characteristics of HBV vaccines.
  • To assess limitations in HBV vaccine effectiveness and the impact of VH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HBV vaccine development (plasma-derived to recombinant).
  • Analysis of vaccine effectiveness, including long-term efficacy, escape mutants, and adverse effects.
  • Review of vaccine hesitancy (VH) and its impact on HBV vaccination coverage.

Main Results:

  • HBV vaccine effectiveness, long-term efficacy, escape mutants, and adverse effects are not significant concerns.
  • Vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains a persistent issue, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Barriers include vaccine availability, lack of awareness, and VH.

Conclusions:

  • HBV vaccine hesitancy can be overcome through active education and information campaigns.
  • Developing targeted strategies is essential to achieve the WHO's 2030 hepatitis B elimination goal.
  • Addressing vaccine availability and awareness are key to improving HBV vaccination rates.