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Evaluating ChatGPT Performance on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination.

Justin E Kung¹, Christopher Marshall², Chase Gauthier¹

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Midlands University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.

JB & JS Open Access

|September 11, 2023

Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in medical education. GPT-4 achieved a 73.6% score on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE), surpassing the average PGY-5 resident performance.

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Area of Science:

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Medical Education Technology
Orthopaedic Surgery Training

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) demonstrates potential for enhancing medical education and healthcare.
ChatGPT, a leading natural language processing AI, excels in standardized tests.
This study assesses ChatGPT's performance on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the performance of ChatGPT (versions 3.5 and 4) on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE).
To compare AI performance against national averages for orthopedic surgery residents.
To assess the verifiability and impact of sources cited by ChatGPT.

Main Methods:

Inputting OITE 2020-2022 questions (image-free) into ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4.
Evaluating correct response percentages against postgraduate year (PGY) resident averages.
Analyzing cited sources for type, verifiability, and journal impact factor.

Main Results:

ChatGPT (3.5) achieved 54.3% correct answers (PGY-1 level), citing verifiable sources 47.2% of the time (median impact factor 5.4).
GPT-4 scored 73.6% correct answers (PGY-5 level), exceeding the 67% passing score for ABOS Part I.
GPT-4 cited verifiable sources in 87.9% of cases (median impact factor 5.2).

Conclusions:

ChatGPT demonstrated performance above PGY-1, with GPT-4 exceeding PGY-5 levels.
Significant improvement was observed between ChatGPT versions.
Further research is warranted to explore future AI versions and their role in medical education.