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Impact of the COVID-19 on asthma control among children: A systematic review
Mai Hamadneh1, Alaa Alquran2, Rami Manna3
1Department of Medical Science, Irbid Faculty, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Irbid, Jordan.
Insights
The COVID-19 lockdown improved pediatric asthma management, reducing emergency visits and hospitalizations. Asthma control and exacerbations also showed positive trends in children and adolescents during this period.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Theories suggest asthmatic children are vulnerable to severe COVID-19, but evidence is limited.
- The COVID-19 pandemic prompted global lockdowns, impacting healthcare access and management.
- Understanding lockdown effects on pediatric asthma is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on pediatric asthma management outcomes.
- To assess changes in asthma control, exacerbations, and healthcare utilization in children and adolescents.
- To evaluate psychological effects on patients and caregivers during the pandemic.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of five bibliographic databases (December 2019 - February 2022).
- Inclusion of English-language studies on children aged 0-18 years, considering all study designs.
- Quality assessment of 21 eligible articles from 945 initial results.
Main Results:
- Pediatric asthma management showed improvement during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown compared to previous years.
- Reduced pediatric emergency department visits and hospitalization rates for asthma were observed.
- Positive trends in asthma control and fewer exacerbations were noted during the lockdown period.
Conclusions:
- The COVID-19 lockdown period was associated with improved outcomes in pediatric asthma management.
- Lockdowns may have inadvertently benefited children with asthma through reduced exposure to environmental triggers.
- Further research is needed to confirm long-term effects and optimize asthma care during public health crises.
Abstract:
In December 2019, the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. Asthmatic patients are thought to be more vulnerable to the more severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their weakened immune systems and increased risk of respiratory exacerbation when infected with respiratory viruses; however, there is little evidence to support this theory. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown during the pandemic on asthma management outcome measures among children and adolescents. To conduct the search, we used five bibliographic databases. The results were limited to those articles published between December 2019 and February 2022, selecting only articles published in English that included the study population (children aged 0-18 years). All study designs were considered. Independent assessments of the included studies' quality were made and reported. Among the 945 results of the bibliographic search, only 21 articles were found to fit our eligibility criteria We organized the results from the studies according to the effect of the lockdown at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on common outcomes, including the Pediatric Emergency Department Visits, hospitalization rates of pediatric asthmatic patients during the pandemic, asthma control, asthma exacerbations, psychological effects on patients, and caregivers' concerns. The management of pediatric asthma improved more during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown than in previous years.
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