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ADHD Diagnosis in Children of Non-US-Born Parents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Duy Pham1, Allison Lin1, Hannah Rosenthal1

  • 1Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, USA.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|September 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with non-US-born caregivers showed a lower likelihood of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. Increased time in the US correlated with a higher diagnosis likelihood for these children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
  • Understanding disparities in ADHD diagnosis across diverse populations is crucial for equitable healthcare.
  • Caregiver's country of birth may influence a child's access to and likelihood of receiving an ADHD diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between caregiver's non-US birth and the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis in children.
  • To compare ADHD diagnosis rates in children with US-born versus non-US-born caregivers.
  • To explore factors influencing ADHD diagnosis and treatment in children of immigrant families.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health (2016-2019) dataset.
  • Inclusion of 109,881 children to examine associations between caregiver's birth origin and child's ADHD diagnosis.
  • Logistic regression models were employed, adjusting for sociodemographic confounders.

Main Results:

  • Children with one or two non-US-born caregivers had a significantly lower likelihood of ADHD diagnosis (aOR=0.58 and 0.59, respectively).
  • A longer duration of stay in the US by non-US-born caregivers was associated with an increased likelihood of ADHD diagnosis.
  • Children of two non-US-born caregivers were less likely to receive medication treatment post-diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • The lower ADHD diagnosis rates in children of non-US-born caregivers may indicate a need for enhanced public health education and culturally sensitive diagnostic approaches.
  • Further research is needed to understand the specific barriers and facilitators to ADHD diagnosis and care in immigrant families.
  • Culturally competent healthcare strategies are essential to ensure equitable diagnosis and treatment for all children.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADD/ADHDattention-deficit/hyperactivity disordercross-culturalcultural differences

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