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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Shallow Water Paddling Variants of Water Maze Tests in Mice
Published on: June 3, 2013
Drowning in shallow causality
1Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA shenhao@stanford.edu.
Abstract:
It has been known for decades that inference concerning genetic causes of human behavioral phenotypes cannot be legitimately made from correlations among relatives. We claim that these inferential difficulties cannot be overcome by assigning different names to causes inferred from within-family and population-level genome-wide association studies (GWASs). For educational attainment, for example, unraveling gene-environment interactions requires more than new names for causes.
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