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Hyperthermia associated with drug intoxication.

J Rosenberg, P Pentel, S Pond

    Critical Care Medicine
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Drug-induced hyperthermia, a serious condition, can result from various intoxicants. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent severe outcomes like death or permanent neurological damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Emergency Medicine
    • Clinical Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Hyperthermia, defined as a body temperature of at least 40.5°C for over an hour, is a critical complication of drug intoxication.
    • This condition poses significant risks, including mortality and severe neurological sequelae.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the causes, clinical features, and outcomes of hyperthermia associated with drug intoxication.
    • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and prompt management of drug-induced hyperthermia.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 12 patients diagnosed with hyperthermia due to drug intoxication over a 5-year period.
    • Review of patient data including causative agents, clinical signs, onset of hyperthermia, and treatment interventions.

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    Main Results:

    • Commonly implicated drugs included anticholinergics, CNS stimulants, and salicylates, often in combination.
    • Key clinical signs were increased muscular activity and anhidrosis (absence of sweating).
    • Five patients died, and four experienced permanent neurological deficits, with cooling showing limited benefit after prolonged high temperatures.

    Conclusions:

    • Drug-induced hyperthermia is associated with a high rate of mortality and severe neurological complications.
    • Early identification of risk factors and immediate therapeutic interventions are essential for improving patient outcomes.
    • Aggressive management, including prompt cooling, is vital, though its efficacy may be limited once hyperthermia is prolonged.