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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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The causal relationship between thyroid function, autoimune thyroid dysfunction and lung cancer: a mendelian

Xinhui Wang1, Xue Liu1, Yuchen Li1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.

BMC Pulmonary Medicine
|September 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypothyroidism may protect against lung cancer, including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, according to a genetic study. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this protective association.

Keywords:
HyperthyroidismHypothyroidismLung cancerMendelian randomizationThyroid function

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The link between thyroid hormones and cancer risk is debated, with observational studies yielding controversial results.
  • Establishing a causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cancer requires robust genetic investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and lung cancer risk.
  • To explore the genetic influence of thyroid hormones on lung cancer development using Mendelian randomization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach with genetic data from the FinnGen biobank and the Thyroidomics Consortium.
  • Analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
  • Employed six MR methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) as the primary analysis, and conducted sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroidism demonstrated a significant protective causal association with overall lung cancer (OR=0.918, p=0.013).
  • This protective effect extended to specific subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (OR=0.893, p=0.019) and squamous cell lung cancer (OR=0.888, p=0.032).
  • No significant causal effects were found for hyperthyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or free thyroxine (FT4) on lung cancer risk, nor for lung cancer on hypothyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothyroidism appears to have a genetically determined protective effect against lung cancer.
  • The findings suggest a potential role for hypothyroidism in reducing the risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms driving this observed association.