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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Incidental versus symptomatic nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: Are they different?

Vanessa Guerreiro1,2,3, Fernando Mendonça1,2,3, Helena Urbano Ferreira1,2,3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal.

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
|September 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are frequently found incidentally, often presenting as larger tumors with fewer associated symptoms like hypopituitarism. Increased awareness may lead to earlier detection of these sellar region tumors.

Keywords:
adenomashypopituitarismnonfunctioningpituitary

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are common sellar region tumors.
  • NFPAs are often diagnosed due to compressive symptoms or incidentally via brain imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the prevalence of incidental NFPA diagnoses over a decade.
  • Compare clinical, analytical, and treatment differences between incidentally and symptomatically diagnosed NFPAs.
  • Evaluate pathological differences between incidentally and symptomatically diagnosed NFPAs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patients aged 18 years or older with apparent NFPAs.
  • Inclusion criteria included specific prolactin level thresholds based on lesion size.
  • Patients were categorized into incidental or symptomatic diagnosis groups.

Main Results:

  • 47.1% of NFPAs were diagnosed incidentally in 119 patients.
  • Incidental NFPAs were less frequently associated with hypopituitarism (41.1%) compared to symptomatic ones (66.7%).
  • Incidental NFPAs were more often macroadenomas (87.4%) and less frequently underwent surgery (50%) than symptomatic cases (75.8%).

Conclusions:

  • NFPAs are commonly diagnosed incidentally, with many showing subtle symptoms.
  • Incidentally diagnosed NFPAs are typically macroadenomas and less associated with hypopituitarism.
  • Enhanced clinical suspicion and knowledge could facilitate earlier detection of NFPAs.