Identifying priority gaps in contextual factors research and force-based manipulation. An international and...

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Rehabilitation Science
• Human Factors Engineering

Background:

• Contextual factors (CFs) significantly influence force-based manipulation (FBM) outcomes.
• Identifying research gaps in CFs and FBM is crucial for advancing the field.
• Previous research has not systematically established consensus on these priority gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish priority research gaps related to contextual factors (CFs) and force-based manipulation (FBM).
• To achieve international and interdisciplinary consensus on critical areas for future investigation in CFs and FBM research.

Main Methods:

• A three-round Delphi study was conducted with international and interdisciplinary experts in CFs and FBM.
• Panelists ranked priority gaps based on composite scores, with a ≥75% consensus threshold.
• Statistical analysis, including Wilcoxon rank-sum test, assessed response consistency between rounds.

Main Results:

• Forty-six panelists participated across all three rounds.
• Consensus was achieved on 16 out of 19 identified priority gaps in CFs and FBM research.
• Results demonstrated consistency and stability, with non-significant P-values (P > .05) from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Conclusions:

• This study provides a consensus-based list of priority research gaps in contextual factors and force-based manipulation.
• The identified gaps serve as a foundation for future research inquiries and strategic planning in the field.
• The findings facilitate targeted research efforts to enhance understanding and application of CFs in FBM.