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3D Facial Changes Between Maximal Intercuspal Position and Physiologic Rest Position.

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    The International Journal of Prosthodontics
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    Facial appearance changes significantly between maximal intercuspal position (MIP) and physiologic rest position (RP). 3D scanning reveals altered facial heights, lip positions, and mouth width, emphasizing consistent mandibular positioning for accurate analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Facial Anatomy

    Background:

    • Accurate 3D facial analysis requires consistent patient positioning.
    • Understanding soft tissue changes related to mandibular position is crucial for dental and orthodontic treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate facial soft tissue changes between maximal intercuspal position (MIP) and physiologic rest position (RP).
    • To quantify differences in facial parameters using 3D scanning technology.

    Main Methods:

    • Acquired 3D facial surface scans of 83 volunteers in MIP and RP using a 3D optical scanner.
    • Identified 21 cephalometric soft tissue landmarks and compared facial parameters (widths, heights, depths, angles, ratio) using t-tests.
    • Performed regional analysis of facial surface differences between positions using best-fit methods.

    Main Results:

    • Facial height (nasion-gnathion) shortened by ~1.2 mm in MIP, primarily due to lip shrinkage (0.8 mm).
    • Mouth width significantly increased in MIP, while other facial widths remained unchanged.
    • Labiomental angle and upper vermilion arch altered; regional analysis showed changes in mandibular and subnasal areas.

    Conclusions:

    • 3D facial scanning effectively visualizes facial appearance changes with different mandibular positions.
    • Consistent patient instruction and monitoring of mandibular position are essential for reliable 3D facial analysis.
    • Findings highlight the importance of considering occlusal positions in facial assessments.