PlasPi TDM: Augmentation of a low-cost camera platform for advanced underwater physical-ecological observations

Marine ecosystem dynamics in the context of climate change is a growing scientific, political and social concern requiring regular monitoring through appropriate observational technologies and studies. Thus, a wide range of tools comprising chemical, biogeochemical, physical, and biological sensors, as well as other platforms exists for marine monitoring. However, their high acquisition and maintenance costs are often a major obstacle, especially in low-income developing countries. We designed an advanced low-cost synoptic marine ecosystem observation system that operates at relatively high temporal frequencies, named PlasPi TDM. This instrument is an improved version of the camera system (PlasPI marine cameras) developed in 2020 by Autun Purser from the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), and collaborators. It incorporates several innovative developments such as multispectral (records the spectrum of any object photographed), temperature and pressure sensors. The PlasPi TDM operates to a depth of 200 m. The various field deployments demonstrate the operational capability of the PlasPi TDM for different applications and illustrate its considerable potential for in-situ observations and marine surveillance in Africa. This device is intended as an open-source project and its continued development is encouraged for a more integrated, sustainable and low-cost ocean observing system.