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Methods of Documentation II: POMR01:26

Methods of Documentation II: POMR

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The Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) revolutionized medical record-keeping by introducing a systematic approach focusing on the patient's problems rather than merely listing symptoms. Dr. Lawrence Weed's introduction of this method in the 1960s marked a significant advancement in medical documentation. The POMR framework consists of four key components: the database, problem list, plan of care, and progress notes.
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
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Peroxisomes01:24

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Update on Mpox: a brief narrative review.

Spinello Antinori1,2, Giacomo Casalini1,2, Andrea Giacomelli2

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.

Le Infezioni in Medicina
|September 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mpox, a global epidemic since May 2022, primarily affects men who have sex with men. While generally mild, severe cases occur in immunocompromised individuals, with vaccination offering effective prevention.

Keywords:
Mpoxemerging infectious diseasessexually transmitted infectionskin lesionstecovirimat

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mpox (formerly Monkeypox) transitioned from a neglected tropical disease to a global epidemic in May 2022.
  • The outbreak predominantly impacted men who have sex with men, with varied transmission routes including occupational and vertical exposure.
  • A significant proportion of cases involved concomitant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection or Human Immunodeficiency Virus pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of the 2022 global Mpox outbreak.
  • To highlight differences in clinical presentation compared to endemic Mpox cases.
  • To review current treatment and prevention strategies for Mpox.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of published Mpox cases.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data from the global outbreak.
  • Review of clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Mpox cases exceeded 87,000 globally by May 2023, with distinct clinical features including fewer lesions, ano-genital localization, and asynchronous progression.
  • Asymptomatic infections were noted in 1.8-6.5% of at-risk individuals.
  • Hospitalization rates were approximately 6%, with a case-fatality rate under 0.1%, though severe outcomes were observed in people living with HIV with severe immunodeficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Mpox requires ongoing surveillance and targeted public health interventions, particularly for at-risk populations.
  • Tecovirimat is recommended for severe cases despite limited randomized controlled trial evidence.
  • Vaccination with JYNNEOS is effective in reducing Mpox incidence.