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Keratoconus Frequency and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients Younger Than 18 Years With Significant Refractive

Natalia Andrea Sarria Calderón1,2, Claudia Johanna Martínez Córdoba1,2, Jennifer Andrea Pinedo Agudelo3

  • 1Ophthalmology Department, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá, Colombia.

Cornea
|September 13, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric keratoconus, an aggressive eye condition, is more common than previously thought, affecting 9.4% of young patients. Atopy is a significant risk factor, highlighting the need for early detection in children.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Ectasia Research
  • Pediatric Eye Conditions

Background:

  • Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disorder causing vision loss due to myopia, astigmatism, and reduced transparency.
  • In children, keratoconus progresses rapidly, is diagnosed late, and increases corneal transplant risk.
  • Few studies have focused on pediatric keratoconus, necessitating further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the frequency of keratoconus in patients under 18 with high myopia or astigmatism.
  • Analyze Pentacam topographic criteria and classify keratoconus severity.
  • Identify risk factors associated with pediatric keratoconus.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational cross-sectional study analyzing Pentacam examinations.
  • Determined keratoconus frequency and classified patients by visual acuity and severity.
  • Reviewed medical records to identify associated risk factors.

Main Results:

  • 426 patients under 18 were included; 9.4% had keratoconus.
  • Mean age at diagnosis was 14.9 years, with male predominance (75%).
  • Atopy was the only significant risk factor (85%); family history in 7.5%.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric keratoconus frequency is higher than previously reported.
  • Atopy shows a clear association with keratoconus, suggesting a causal link.
  • Early detection using Pentacam is crucial to mitigate progression and reduce transplant needs.
Abstract

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