Risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: A case-control study

Area of Science:

• Neonatalogy
• Gastroenterology
• Pediatric Surgery

Background:

• Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a critical gastrointestinal emergency in premature infants.
• Its complex pathophysiology is not fully understood, necessitating research into associated risk factors.
• Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes in preterm neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify antenatal, peripartum, and postnatal factors associated with NEC in preterm newborns.
• To investigate the role of early-onset infection and feeding practices in NEC development and severity.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit.
• Preterm infants with NEC (cases) were matched with controls based on gestational age, birth date, and delivery mode.
• Risk factors preceding NEC onset were analyzed retrospectively.

Main Results:

• Early-onset infection was significantly associated with NEC (15% vs. 6.6%, p<0.04) and sepsis (28.3% vs. 16.4%, p<0.02).
• Late-onset feeding and initial continuous enteral feeding correlated with more severe NEC (p<0.02 and p=0.03, respectively).

Conclusions:

• Intestinal dysbiosis is suggested as a potential risk factor for NEC.
• Early-onset infection is confirmed as a significant risk factor for NEC.
• Enteral feeding strategies may influence NEC occurrence and severity.