Exploration of common genomic signatures of systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes

To explore the genetic characteristics of systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (sJRA) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). The microarray data of sJRA and T1D from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed. The shared differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified by the Meta-analysis, and genes of extracellular proteins were identified. Then, transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes in SDEGs were obtained by comparing databases from HumanTFDB, and hTFtarget. After that, functional enrichment analyses of the previously identified gene sets were performed by metascape tool. Finally, immune infiltration was analysed by CIBERSORT. We found 175 up-regulated and 245 down-regulated SDEGs, and by constructing a TFs-targeted SDEGs network, 3 key TFs (ARID3A, NEF2, RUNX3) were screened. Functional enrichment analyses and immune infiltration results suggested not only the adaptive immune system but also the innate immune system, and signaling pathways like JAK-STAT are important in the pathogenesis of sJRA and T1D, involving biological processes such as CD4 T cell functions and neutrophil degranulation. This work suggests that innate immune abnormalities also play important roles in sJRA and T1D, CD4 T cell functions, neutrophil degranulation and the JAK-STAT pathway may be involved. The regulatory roles of ARID3A, NEF2, and RUNX3 in this network need to be further investigated.