Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2025
07:13
Isolation and Time-Lapse Imaging of Primary Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchyme Cells to Analyze Collective Movement Attributes
Published on: February 13, 2021
2.3K
Osteoclast differentiation and dynamic mRNA expression during mice embryonic palatal bone development.
Yongzhen Lai1,2, Yan Guo2, Caiyu Liao2
1Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 28, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
Scientific Reports
|September 13, 2023
Summary
This study reveals osteoclast (OCL) differentiation in embryonic palatal bone, identifying key signalling pathways like PI3K-AKT and MAPK involved in bone remodelling and development.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Skeletal Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Osteoclast (OCL) differentiation and function in embryonic palatal bone remain largely uncharacterized.
- Understanding these processes is crucial for comprehending palatal bone development and potential congenital anomalies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate OCL differentiation, function, and associated molecular pathways in embryonic palatal bone.
- To identify key genes and signalling cascades regulating OCL development in this specific anatomical region.
Main Methods:
- Observation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive OCLs at various embryonic time points (E16.5-E18.5) in palatal tissues.
- RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of palates during key OCL differentiation periods (E14.5-E16.5) to compare maxillary and palatal process tissues.
- Bioinformatic analysis to identify enriched signalling pathways and differentially expressed genes.
Main Results:
- TRAP-positive OCLs were identified in embryonic palatal bone, with differentiation commencing prior to TRAP positivity.
- The PI3K-AKT and MAPK signalling pathways were sequentially enriched during OCL differentiation.
- Specific genes (e.g., Csf1r, Ctsk, Fos) were upregulated, while others (e.g., Pik3r3, Tgfbr1) were downregulated, in both palatal process of the palate (PPP) and posterior/anterior parts of the palatal process of the maxilla (PPMX).
- Differential regulation of Tnfrsff11b in PPMX versus PPP suggests a role in timing OCL appearance.
Conclusions:
- Osteoclasts are involved in embryonic palatal bone remodelling, marrow cavity formation, and vascularization.
- The PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways are critical for OCL survival and differentiation in the developing palate.
- Specific gene expression patterns, including differential regulation of Tnfrsff11b, contribute to the temporal control of OCL differentiation in distinct palatal regions.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
6.3K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
6.3K
01:24Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification
4.6K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
4.6K
01:40Bone Remodeling
38.4K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.4K
01:27Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue
3.4K
Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
3.4K