Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Roadmap to Navigate the Future of Neural Engineering.

Journal of neural engineering·2026

Same author

Temporal Interference Stimulation Enhances Neural Regeneration.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Closing the loop on glioblastoma: A roadmap toward developing bioelectronics for continuous monitoring of tumor state.

APL bioengineering·2026

Same author

Neuromodulation of a peripheral nerve using fully polymeric cuff electrodes: understanding predictability of selective stimulation.

Journal of neural engineering·2026

Same author

Using a single penetrating interfascicular electrode to improve spatial selectivity of an extraneural polymeric cuff array.

Bioelectronic medicine·2025

Same author

Amyloid-β oligomers, curvilinear and annular assemblies, imaged by cryo-ET, cryo-EM, and AFM.

Science advances·2025

Same journal

HB-EGF enhances collective cell migration via spatial coordination of traction.

APL bioengineering·2026

Same journal

A pump-free microfluidic device for integrated multi-functional testing of tumor spheroids.

APL bioengineering·2026

Same journal

Photobiomodulation outperforms ultrasound in reducing IL-1 <b><i>β</i></b> -driven chondrocyte inflammation.

APL bioengineering·2026

Same journal

Research progress of 3D-printed anti-infective bone tissue engineering scaffolds based on triply periodic minimal surface structures.

APL bioengineering·2026

Same journal

Biomolecular and cellular chirality: Novel diagnostic perspectives for diseases.

APL bioengineering·2026

Same journal

Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles: Bioengineering principles, quality control, and translational opportunities.

APL bioengineering·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies

Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies

Published on: April 12, 2024

Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes.

Nicolas Steenbergen¹, Ivan Busha¹, Alexis Morgan¹

¹Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom.

APL Bioengineering

|September 14, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New dry conductive elastomer electrodes using PEDOT:PSS match the performance of traditional wet electrodes for electromyography (EMG) and surface EMG (sEMG) recording. These advanced dry electrodes offer convenience and durability for continuous wearable monitoring.

More Related Videos

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

Published on: September 28, 2019

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Published on: July 22, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies

Author Spotlight: Epimysial Electrode Fabrication and Testing in ACL Injury Studies

Published on: April 12, 2024

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

Published on: September 28, 2019

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Published on: July 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Neuroscience

Background:

Conventional wet Ag/AgCl electrodes are standard for biopotential measurements but have limitations like extensive skin prep and short-term use.
Dry electrodes offer advantages for surface electromyography (sEMG) due to convenience, durability, and suitability for continuous monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore conductive elastomers (CEs) based on PEDOT:PSS in polyurethane as dry, skin-contacting electrodes for EMG recording.
To compare the performance of these novel dry CE electrodes against commercial wet Ag/AgCl electrodes.

Main Methods:

Developed dry conductive elastomer electrodes incorporating PEDOT:PSS within a polyurethane matrix.
Tested electrodes on five subjects performing four distinct movements (open hand, fist, wrist extension, wrist flexion).
Utilized a backpropagation artificial neural network to classify movements based on recorded EMG signals.

Main Results:

Dry conductive elastomer electrodes achieved a movement classification accuracy of 99.5%.
Commercial wet Ag/AgCl electrodes achieved a classification accuracy of 98.7%.
PEDOT-based dry CEs demonstrated comparable performance to Ag/AgCl electrodes.

Conclusions:

Dry PEDOT-based conductive elastomer electrodes are effective for on-skin EMG recording.
These dry electrodes overcome limitations of wet electrodes, enabling minimal skin preparation and gel-free, long-term wearable applications.