Recent theranostic applications of hydrogen peroxide-responsive nanomaterials for multiple diseases

It is well established that hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is associated with the initiation and progression of many diseases. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the diagnosis and treatment of those diseases could be realized through a variety of H₂O₂-responsive nanomaterials. In order to broaden the application prospects of H₂O₂-responsive nanomaterials and promote their development, understanding and summarizing the design and application fields of such materials has attracted much attention. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the types of H₂O₂-responsive nanomaterials including organic, inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrids in recent years, and focused on their specific design and applications. Based on the type of disease, such as tumors, bacteria, dental diseases, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, bone injury and so on, key examples for above disease imaging diagnosis and therapy strategies are introduced. In addition, current challenges and the outlook of H₂O₂-responsive nanomaterials are also discussed. This review aims to stimulate the potential of H₂O₂-responsive nanomaterials and provide new application ideas for various functional nanomaterials related to H₂O₂.