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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

15
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

9
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs but also impacts other areas, such as the arms, thereby impairing overall circulation and organ function.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty deposits inside the arterial...
9
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

11
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
11
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

13
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
13
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

12
 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
12
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

376
Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
376

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Sex and Racial Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Sanjay Divakaran1, Anna K Krawisz2, Eric A Secemsky2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.D., S.K.).

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|September 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Women and minority patients face higher risks for lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) and worse outcomes. Addressing underdiagnosis and improving care are crucial for better peripheral artery disease (PAD) management.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasescoronary artery diseaseethnic and racial minoritieslipoproteinmyocardial infarctionperipheral artery disease

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Health Disparities
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) disproportionately affects women and racial/ethnic minorities.
  • Existing research indicates increased risks for developing PAD and experiencing adverse outcomes in these populations.
  • A significant knowledge gap exists concerning the specific factors contributing to these disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying causes of increased peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk and adverse outcomes in women and minority patients.
  • To identify key areas for improving the diagnosis and management of PAD in underserved populations.
  • To highlight opportunities for reducing health disparities in peripheral artery disease (PAD) care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological data and clinical studies on peripheral artery disease (PAD) prevalence and outcomes.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and treatment disparities in women and racial/ethnic minority populations.
  • Identification of common comorbidities and management challenges faced by these groups.

Main Results:

  • Women and minority patients are more prone to underdiagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  • These populations often exhibit poorer management of contributing comorbidities.
  • Disparities in treatment and post-diagnosis management are prevalent.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced screening rates are needed for early peripheral artery disease (PAD) detection in at-risk groups.
  • Increased clinical suspicion, especially when typical intermittent claudication symptoms are absent, is vital.
  • More aggressive risk factor management before and after diagnosis can improve peripheral artery disease (PAD) outcomes for women and minorities.