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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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A pH-sensitive switch activates virulence in Salmonella.

Dasvit Shetty1, Linda J Kenney1,2,3

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Salmonella Typhimurium transitions between virulent and biofilm lifestyles, regulated by SsrB.
  • Phosphorylated SsrB activates Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-2 (SPI-2) genes for intracellular survival.
  • Low vacuolar pH induces SsrB expression and activation, but the molecular mechanism was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of pH-dependent SsrB activation.
  • To investigate the in vivo significance of this pH-sensing mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule assays
  • Transcriptional assays
  • Site-directed mutagenesis (His12 substitution)

Main Results:

  • The SsrB DNA-binding domain alone (SsrBc) does not confer pH sensitivity.
  • Histidine 12 (His12) in the receiver domain allosterically confers pH sensitivity to SsrB.
  • His12 is crucial for SsrB phosphorylation and acid-dependent DNA binding, which is highly cooperative.
  • SsrB mutations affecting pH sensing render Salmonella avirulent.

Conclusions:

  • His12 is the key residue mediating Salmonella SsrB's pH-dependent activation.
  • This mechanism involves allosteric regulation and cooperative DNA binding.
  • Targeting the SsrB pH-switch offers a potential strategy to control Salmonella virulence.