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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Computational Imaging
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is crucial for surface analysis.
    • Retrieving wavefronts from objects with discontinuities is a significant challenge in PMD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust method for wavefront retrieval in PMD, particularly for surfaces with non-differentiable gradient fields.
    • To address the limitations of existing wavefront reconstruction techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of gradient fields using an L^p-norm minimization problem.
    • Solving the resulting nonlinear partial differential equation with a fast numerical method.
    • Parameter-free reconstruction approach.

    Main Results:

    • Successful numerical reconstructions using synthetic and experimental data.
    • Demonstrated capability to handle discontinuities and non-differentiable gradient fields.
    • The method is independent of external parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed L^p-norm minimization method effectively reconstructs wavefronts from challenging surfaces.
    • This approach offers a robust and parameter-free solution for phase measuring deflectometry.
    • The technique shows promise for advanced optical metrology applications.