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Distributed focusing reduces mirror error sensitivity on x-ray beamlines.

Louisa A Pickworth, Rami Sankari

|September 14, 2023

Summary

Manufacturing large, kilometer-scale radius mirrors for synchrotron beamlines is challenging. Distributed focusing with two mirrors significantly reduces sensitivity to radius errors, improving imaging quality for advanced light sources.

Area of Science:

Optics
Materials Science
Synchrotron Radiation

Background:

Modern synchrotron light sources require long beamlines with large-radius, low-curvature mirrors.
Manufacturing these mirrors to nanometer-level precision is difficult, leading to figure errors that degrade beam quality.
Toroidal mirror radius errors impact focusing in both vertical and horizontal directions, complicating beamline design.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an alternative method for mitigating radius errors in synchrotron beamline mirrors.
To reduce the sensitivity of plane grating monochromator beamlines to large radius errors in focusing optics.
To maintain imaging performance despite manufacturing tolerances in mirror curvature.

Main Methods:

Investigated distributed focusing using two passive, fixed-radius mirrors.

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Analyzed the impact of radius errors on imaging in a single-mirror configuration.

Compared the sensitivity to radius errors between single-stage and distributed focusing systems.

Main Results:

Distributed focusing with two mirrors greatly reduces sensitivity to radius errors compared to single-mirror focusing.
Radius tolerances previously considered unacceptable for single-stage focusing are accommodated in the distributed system.
The proposed method maintains imaging capability without compromising beamline performance.

Conclusions:

Distributed focusing offers a robust solution for managing figure errors in large-radius synchrotron mirrors.
This approach enhances the feasibility of constructing advanced beamlines with less stringent mirror manufacturing requirements.
The findings are particularly relevant for plane grating monochromator beamlines at facilities like MAX IV.