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    High energy lasers create heat currents in absorbing media, causing time-dependent thermal blooming. Numerical simulations match experimental results, showing a crescent-shaped laser spot.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Computational Physics

    Background:

    • High energy laser propagation in absorbing media can induce convective heat currents.
    • These currents interact with the laser beam through refractive index changes, leading to thermal blooming.
    • Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for applications involving laser-matter interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To study the time-dependent thermal blooming of high energy lasers in nearly stagnant absorbing media.
    • To develop and apply a numerical method for simulating laser-induced fluid dynamics and beam propagation.
    • To compare simulation results with experimental data.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a numerical method using radial basis functions for spatial differencing.
    • Simulated both the laser beam propagation and the laser-induced fluid dynamics.
    • Applied the method to a model from previous research and a historical experiment.

    Main Results:

    • The simulations accurately reproduced time-dependent thermal blooming caused by laser-induced convective heat currents.
    • The numerical method allowed for irregular point spacings and complex geometries.
    • Simulations of a 300 W laser in a smoke-filled chamber showed good agreement with experimental observations, including a crescent-shaped target spot.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed numerical method is effective for simulating laser-induced thermal blooming and fluid dynamics.
    • Convective heat currents significantly impact laser propagation in absorbing media.
    • The study validates the model and numerical approach through comparison with experimental data.