Imaging human macular pigments with visible light optical coherence tomography and superluminescent diodes

We demonstrate superluminescent diodes (SLDs) for visible light optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the human retina. SLDs are less costly than supercontinuum sources and have lower intrinsic excess noise, enabling imaging closer to the shot noise limit. While single SLDs are not broadband, they provide power concentrated at specific wavelengths relevant to retinal function. As a new, to the best of our knowledge, application, we image human macular pigments (MPs), which are thought to both aid vision and protect against advanced age-related macular degeneration. Using the unique depth-resolved capabilities of OCT, we localize MPs in depth to Henle's fibers beneath the foveal pit in the living human retina. Our approach reduces the cost of visible light OCT to nearly that of near-infrared (NIR) OCT while also providing information about clinically relevant MPs which cannot be measured in the NIR.