Triangle of Trust in Cancer Care? The Physician, the Patient, and Artificial Intelligence Chatbot

Trust, as a philosophic paradigm, is predominantly interpersonal, between human beings, and is differentiated from reliance. Can a person trust an inhumane amoral agent, such as a large language model artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, to manifest the goodwill and willingness normally required in order for it to be deemed trustworthy? This article explores the relationship between the cancer patient, their physician, and AI chatbot in a proposed tripartite, consultative, personalized approach to shared-care in precision molecular oncology. It examines the nature of trust between human agents and machines. It also contemplates AI-enhanced technical precision in state-of-the-art cancer management, complemented by trustworthy, holistic clinical care by a physician, for each individual patient. "To what extent can the user "trust" GPT-4?" Peter Lee,¹ Microsoft Research 2023.