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Related Concept Videos

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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Engineering Cell-permeable Protein
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Engineering Proteins for Cell Entry.

Xiaoyu Feng1, Ruilong Chang1, Haichao Zhu1

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|September 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered cell-penetrating proteins overcome cell membrane barriers for targeted delivery. This review covers protein types, endosomal escape strategies, and design technologies for enhanced therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
endosomal escapeintracellular protein deliveryprotein engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Proteins are fundamental to all biological processes.
  • Efficient intracellular protein delivery is crucial for therapeutic applications.
  • The cell membrane presents a significant barrier to protein entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review engineered cell-penetrating proteins (eCPPs) for overcoming cellular barriers.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing endosomal escape of delivered proteins.
  • To introduce novel methods for designing and detecting eCPPs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on engineered cell-penetrating proteins.
  • Categorization of eCPPs including cell-penetrating peptides, supercharged proteins, receptor-binding proteins, and bacterial toxins.
  • Discussion of endosomal escape mechanisms: pore formation, proton sponge effect, and intracellular trafficking pathway hijacking.

Main Results:

  • Identified diverse types of engineered proteins with cell-penetrating capabilities.
  • Detailed various strategies to facilitate endosomal escape for improved intracellular delivery.
  • Highlighted emerging technologies for the design and detection of eCPPs.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered cell-penetrating proteins offer promising solutions for targeted intracellular delivery.
  • Effective endosomal escape strategies are critical for maximizing protein efficacy.
  • Advancements in design and detection technologies will accelerate the development of protein-based therapeutics.