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Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients
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Circulating cell-free DNA-based multi-cancer early detection.

Kai Zhang1, Ruiqing Fu2, Rui Liu2

  • 1Department of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China.

Trends in Cancer
|September 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Early cancer detection significantly improves patient outcomes. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) offers a promising approach to overcome limitations of current single-cancer tests, enhancing cancer diagnosis.

Keywords:
DNA methylationcancer screeningcirculating cell-free DNA (cfDNA)fragmentomicsmulti-cancer early detection (MCED)tissue of origin (TOO)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Early cancer detection significantly improves patient outcomes.
  • Current single-cancer diagnostic tests have limitations.
  • Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) holds promise for multi-cancer early detection (MCED).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review state-of-the-art cfDNA-based MCED approaches.
  • To identify limitations and challenges in MCED development and application.
  • To propose an optimized strategy for cfDNA-based MCED.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cfDNA-based MCED technologies.
  • Analysis of technical and clinical challenges.
  • Discussion of future directions for MCED assay development.

Main Results:

  • cfDNA-based MCED demonstrates potential for sensitive and accurate detection of multiple cancers.
  • Low false-positive rates are achievable with advanced MCED methods.
  • Significant technical and clinical hurdles remain in widespread MCED implementation.

Conclusions:

  • cfDNA-based MCED is a revolutionary approach for early cancer detection.
  • Optimizing cfDNA-based targeted sequencing assays with multimodal features is crucial.
  • Addressing technical and clinical challenges will facilitate the clinical translation of MCED tests.