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Phase estimation of definite photon number states by using quantum circuits
Peyman Najafi1, Ghasem Naeimi2, Shahpoor Saeidian3
1Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
Scientific Reports
|September 14, 2023
Summary
We developed a quantum circuit method to estimate phase shifts in optical interferometers, even with photon loss. Certain quantum states offer improved precision over classical methods within specific loss ranges.
Area of Science:
- Quantum optics
- Quantum information science
- Optical interferometry
Background:
- Optical interferometers are crucial for precision measurements.
- Photon loss in interferometers degrades measurement precision.
- Quantum circuits offer a novel approach to modeling and enhancing optical systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map optical interferometry to quantum circuits for phase shift estimation.
- To investigate the impact of photon loss on precision using quantum simulations.
- To compare the precision of different photon-number states in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Main Methods:
- Simulating quantum circuits to model a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with photon loss.
- Employing a Bayesian approach to estimate unknown phase shifts.
- Utilizing photon-number counting as the measurement scheme.
- Modeling photon loss using fictitious beam splitters within the quantum circuit.
Main Results:
- Three out of four tested six-photon number states demonstrated superior precision compared to the standard limit under specific photon loss rates.
- The Fisher information was estimated for the considered states to assess measurement scheme optimality.
- Quantum circuit simulations accurately modeled the interferometer's behavior with photon loss.
Conclusions:
- Quantum circuits provide a viable framework for analyzing and improving optical interferometry.
- Specific quantum states can overcome classical precision limits in the presence of photon loss.
- The choice of photon-number state and photon loss rate significantly impacts interferometric precision.
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