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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in 3D Optical Imaging for Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment in Modern Research
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BMI categories across different living arrangements.

Mengmeng Yan1,2,3, Yingying Liu4

  • 1School of Healthcare and Technology, Chengdu Neusoft University, Chengdu, China. mengmyan@qq.com.

International Journal of Obesity (2005)
|September 14, 2023
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Summary

Adults living alone (LA) have lower adjusted obesity and overweight prevalence compared to those not living alone (NLA). This difference is most pronounced in middle-aged adults, highlighting variations in body mass index (BMI) by living situation.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Prevalence of body mass index (BMI) categories across different living arrangements is not well-understood.
  • Understanding variations in BMI by living situation is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare the prevalence of BMI categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity) between adults living alone (LA) and those not living alone (NLA).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a population-based cross-sectional study design with individual-level data from the 2011-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
  • Analyzed BMI categories prevalence in LA and NLA groups, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
  • Employed logistic regression and model-predicted marginal prevalence for robust estimation.

Main Results:

  • Examined 4,195,414 adults (28.5% LA, 71.5% NLA) between 2011-2021.
  • Living alone (LA) was associated with consistently lower adjusted obesity prevalence across genders and age groups compared to not living alone (NLA).
  • Highest obesity prevalence observed in the 45-64 age range for both groups, with LA showing 37.4% and NLA 34.3% in the 45-54 subgroup. LA also showed lower adjusted overweight prevalence, particularly in younger (18-34) and older (>64) adults.

Conclusions:

  • Significant heterogeneity exists in BMI category prevalence between adults living alone and those not living alone.
  • Public health strategies and future research should acknowledge and address these disparities in BMI based on living arrangements.